Towards knowledge based engineering for multi-material design

The "Manual Multi-Material-Design" presented in this paper is a Knowledge Management System (KMS) for the automotive lightweight design, providing design rules. For developing automotive components in multi-material-design extensive expertise for various topics is compulsory. Besides, design expertise regarding steel, knowledge about fibre reinforced plastics (FRP), joining and production technologies are crucial. To accelerate the development of components in multi-material-design and to enhance the engineers expertise, a Knowledge Management System must be developed

Automotive styling: Supporting engineering-styling convergence through surface-centric knowledge based engineering

The emotional impression a car imprints on a potential buyer is as equally important for its commercial success as fulfilling functional requirements. Hence, to create a positive emotional impression of a vehicle, great effort is put into a car's styling process. One of the key aspects during the early stages of the automotive design process is the convergence of styling and engineering design. While requirements stemming from engineering design are usually characterised by quantitative values, styling requirements are rather qualitative in nature. Converging these two requirement types is laborious. The present publication focuses on supporting this process through Knowledge Based Engineering. This is achieved by introducing a method which enables the designer to intuitively regard functional requirements during the styling phase. Moreover, the method improves the process of technical requirement checks regarding the shape and orientation of styling surfaces which exceed conventional package verifications

Multi-criteria analysis of multi-material lightweight components on a conceptual level of detail

Multi-material design offers higher degrees of freedom in designing a component due to different design options and material combinations. However, both cause a more complex component design. In addition many development goals - such as weight, costs and environmental impact - and outer conditions - such as restricted installation spaces - have already to be considered in the early stage of development. Otherwise the most suitable design option might not be considered and concepts are no longer pursued after design in detail since they did not fit the requirements from the beginning. As a result, the designer needs assistance in analysing different design options to find those that are able to fulfil the development goals best possible within an appropriate effort. A suitable approach to solve this issue is to represent the considered component by an abstract definition and calculate the component's properties analytically inside an automated tool. Thus the general behaviour of a design option and specific variations can be evaluated by the designer. Consequently components can be designed more purposeful considering a big solution space and a variety of development goals

A Semi-Formal Approach to Structure and Access Knowledge for Multi-Material-Design

In recent years multi-material-design has been of broad interest. There has been a great deal of literature on how multi-material-design has support realisation of lighter, cheaper products with lower impact to the environment. However, there has been no general approach to name the essential potentials of multimaterial- design as a first guideline to support suitable use of the technologies. On the basis of an extensive literature survey, this paper proposes a method to systematically derive these potentials. Moreover, we found that these potentials, such as "reducing weight", "improving mechanical performance" or "easing manufacture and assembly" can serve to structure the design knowledge required for multi-material-design. Therefore, we propose a model to link the specific potentials to measures and guidelines to support decision-making and knowledge application. This structuring may lead to finding suitable design guidelines for specific development goals more quickly. This could accelerate product development and make the benefits of multi-material-design more transparent, which will promote the dissemination of multi-material-design in industry

A rapid protocol for ribosome profiling of low input samples.

Ribosome profiling provides quantitative, comprehensive, and high-resolution snapshots of cellular translation by the high-throughput sequencing of short mRNA fragments that are protected by ribosomes from nucleolytic digestion. While the overall principle is simple, the workflow of ribosome profiling experiments is complex and challenging, and typically requires large amounts of sample, limiting its broad applicability. Here, we present a new protocol for ultra-rapid ribosome profiling from low-input samples. It features a robust strategy for sequencing library preparation within one day that employs solid phase purification of reaction intermediates, allowing to reduce the input to as little as 0.1 pmol of ∼30 nt RNA fragments. Hence, it is particularly suited for the analyses of small samples or targeted ribosome profiling. Its high sensitivity and its ease of implementation will foster the generation of higher quality data from small samples, which opens new opportunities in applying ribosome profiling

Discontinuation of BRAF/MEK-Directed Targeted Therapy after Complete Remission of Metastatic Melanoma—A Retrospective Multicenter ADOReg Study

The advent of BRAF/MEK inhibitors (BRAFi/MEKi) has significantly improved progressionfree (PFS) and overall survival (OS) for patients with advanced BRAF-V600-mutant melanoma. Long-term survivors have been identified particularly among patients with a complete response (CR) to BRAF/MEK-directed targeted therapy (TT). However, it remains unclear which patients who achieved a CR maintain a durable response and whether treatment cessation might be a safe option in these patients. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of treatment cessation on the clinical course of patients with a CR upon BRAF/MEK-directed-TT. We retrospectively selected patients with BRAF-V600-mutant advanced non-resectable melanoma who had been treated with BRAFi ± MEKi therapy and achieved a CR upon treatment out of the multicentric skin cancer registry ADOReg. Data on baseline patient characteristics, duration of TT, treatment cessation, tumor progression (TP) and response to second-line treatments were collected and analyzed. Of 461 patients who received BRAF/MEK-directed TT 37 achieved a CR. TP after initial CR was observed in 22 patients (60%) mainly affecting patients who discontinued TT (n = 22/26), whereas all patients with ongoing TT (n = 11) maintained their CR. Accordingly, patients who discontinued TT had a higher risk of TP compared to patients with ongoing treatment (p < 0.001). However, our data also show that patients who received TT for more than 16 months and who discontinued TT for other reasons than TP or toxicity did not have a shorter PFS compared to patients with ongoing treatment. Response rates to second-line treatment being initiated in 21 patients, varied between 27% for immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and 60% for BRAFi/MEKi rechallenge. In summary, we identified a considerable number of patients who achieved a CR upon BRAF/MEK-directed TT in this contemporary realworld cohort of patients with BRAF-V600-mutant melanoma. Sustained PFS was not restricted to ongoing TT but was also found in patients who discontinued TT

New findings for interactions and mechanisms in paper sizing with ASA and AKD

Presentation at the International Munich Paper SymposiumDt. Ausg. u.d.T.: Neue Erkenntnisse zu Wechselwirkungen und Mechanismen bei der Papierleimung mit ASA und AK

Neue Erkenntnisse zu Wechselwirkungen und Mechanismen bei der Papierleimung mit ASA und AKD

Auch in: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 138, Nr. 6 (2010), S. 516 - 527 ; Vortrag beim Internationalen Münchner Papier Symposiu